MG SCHOOL SCIENCE

Friday, 13 February 2026

Important MCQ - Class 10 Science

PHYSICS

Electricity

1. The S I unit of potential difference is

(A) volt (V)

(B) ampere (A)

(D) ohm meter (Ωm)

Ans: (A) volt (V)

2. The S I unit of electric current is

(A) ampere (A)

(B) ohm (Ω)

(D) watt (W)

Ans: (A) ampere (A)

3. The rate of energy consumed in an electrical circuit is, electric

(A) current

(B) potential difference

(D) power

Ans: (D) power

4. When three resistors of different resistance are connected in parallel in an electric circuit and switched on, then the quantity that remains the same in all the resistors is

(A) current

(B) potential difference

(D) resistivity

Ans: (B) potential difference

5. The SI unit of resistivity is

(A) ohm-metre

(B) coulomb

(D) joule

Ans: (A) ohm-metre

6. The correct formula that shows the relationship between potential difference, electric current and resistance in an electric circuit is

(A) I = R/V

(B) I=VR

(D) R=V/I

Ans: (D) R=V/I

7. A piece of metallic wire of resistance R is cut into 3 equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel. If the total resistance of this combination is Rl, then the value of R : Rl is

(A) 1 : 3

(B) 9 : 1

(D) 3 : 1.

Ans: (B) 9 : 1

8. The resistance of a conductor is 27 Ω . If it is cut into three equal parts and connected in parallel, then its total resistance is

(A) 6 Ω

(B) 3 Ω

(D)27 Ω

Ans: (B) 3 Ω

9. SI unit of electric charge is

(A) coulomb

(B) ampere

(D) volt

Ans. : (A) coulomb

10. In an electric circuit to get an equivalent resistance Rs four resistors of 2Ω each are first connected in series. Later to get an equivalent resistance of Rp the same resistors are connected in parallel. Then the ratio of Rs/Rp is

(A) 16 : 1

(B) 2 : 1

(D) 8 : 1

Ans. : (A) 16 : 1

11. Ohm's law gives the relationship between

(A) potential difference and electric charge

(B) potential difference and resistance

(D) electric current and electric power

Ans: (C) electric current and potential difference

12. 0·75A current flows through an electric bulb when it is connected to a 220 V generator. Then the electric power of this bulb is

(A) 125 W

(B) 135 W

(D) 195 W

Ans. : (C) 165 W

13. If a device of 840W is to be used with 220V potential difference, then the rate of the fuse that is to be connected in this electrical circuit is

(A) 2A

(B) 4A

(D) 12A

Ans. : (B) 4A

Magnetic effects of electric current

1. Observe the figure given below. The magnetic field at the centre ‘C’ of circular coil is

(A) zero

(B) I

(D) 2I2

Ans: (A) zero

2. Correct statement with respect to magnetic field in the given diagram is,

(C → Current-carrying solenoid, P and Q → Points inside the solenoid,R→ Point outside the solenoid) The magnetic field

(A) in P is more than in Q

(B) in Q is more than in P

(D) in P and in Q is equal.

Ans: (D) in P and in Q is equal.

3. Observe the diagram.

The magnetic poles represented by P and Q respectively are

(A) south ( ) and south (S)

(B) north ( N ) and south ( S )

(D) south (S) and north (N)

Ans. : (A) south (S) and south (S)

4. Imagine, you are holding a straight current carrying conductor as per the right hand thumb rule. If the thumb is upward, then the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field is

(A) downward

(B) upward

(D) clockwise.

Ans. : (C) anti-clockwise

5. In Fleming’s left hand rule the middle finger represents the direction of

(A) magnetic fieldb

(B) current

(D) induced current

Ans. : (B) current

6. The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid carrying current

(A) is the same at all points

(B) is zero

(D) increases as we move towards its end

Ans. : (A) is the same at all points

7. A current carrying rod is placed between the poles of a horse-shoe magnet. For the maximum displacement of the rod the angle between the direction of electric current and the direction of magnetic field must be

(A) 0°

(B) 45°

(D) 180°

Ans. : (C) 90°

8. In Fleming’s left hand rule, the finger that indicates the direction of the electric current is (

(A) thumb

(B) index finger

(D) little finger

Ans. : (C) middle finger

9. If the number of turns in a current carrying circular coil is increased by 10 times, then the producing magnetic field increases by

(A) 100 times

(B) 10 times

(D) 1000 times

Ans. : (B) 10 times

LIGHT – REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

1. The reciprocal of focal length of lens is

(A) the power of lens

(B) the radius of curvature of lens

(D) equal to the difference between the object distance and image distance

Ans: (A) the power of lens

2. A mirror produces erect and enlarged image of an object. Then the type of mirror and the nature of that image is respectively

(A) Convex mirror and virtual image

(B) concave mirror and real image

(D) Concave mirror and virtual image

Ans: (D) Concave mirror and virtual image

3. The diameter of the reflecting surface of a spherical mirror is

(A) pole of the mirror

(B) centre of curvature

(D) aperture

Ans: (D) aperture

4. The distance between principal focus and the optic centre of the lens is

(A) Radius of curvature

(B) Object distance

(D) Image distance

Ans: (C) Focal length

5. The correct statement among the following related to the concave lens is

(A) converges the light rays

(B) diverges the light rays

(D) forms real image.

Ans. : (B) diverges the light rays

6. To get diminished and real image of an object from a convex lens, the object should be placed

(A) at principal focus F1

(B) between principal focus F1 and 2F1

(D) between principal focus F1 and optical centre O.

Ans. : (C) beyond 2F1

7. An object is kept at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. The position and nature of the image formed is

(A) between F and C and inverted

(B) behind the mirror and erect

(D) at the centre of curvature and inverted

Ans. : (D) at the centre of curvature and inverted.

8. To obtain a diminished image of an object from a concave mirror, position of the object should be (F = principal focus, C = centre of curvature, P = pole) (April 2019)

(A) between C and F

(B) beyond C

(D) at F

Ans. : (B) beyond C

9. Identify the emergent ray in the given figure.

A) CD

(B) BC

(D) IJ

Ans. : (A) CD

10. Type of the mirror used in vehicles as rear view mirror is

(A) plane mirror

(B) concave mirror

(D) planoconcave mirror

Ans. : (C) convex mirror.

11. To get virtual and erect image by a convex lens, an object is to be placed

(A) beyond 2F1

(B) between F1 and 2F1 ]

(D) between focus F1 and optical centre O

Ans. : (D) between focus F1 and optical centre O.

12. Convex mirrors are used in

(A) torches

(B) rear view mirrors in vehicles

(D) shaving mirrors

Ans. : (B) rear view mirrors of vehicles

Human Eye and Colorful World

1. The sky as seen from the surface of the moon appears dark because

(A) only a little of the blue and violet colours are scattered

(B) all the colours are absorbed by the atmosphere present in the moon

(D) atmospheric particles needed to scatter the light are not present.

Ans. : (D) atmospheric particles needed to scatter the light are not present.

2. Right statement regarding the colour of the scattered sunlight and the size of scattering atmospheric particles is

(A) small particles scatter red colour

(B) big particles scatter blue colour

(D) too larger particles scatter all colours equally

Ans. : (D) too larger particles scatter all colours equally

3. The colour that is least scattered by fog and smoke is

(A) orange

(B) blue

(D) violet

Ans. : (C) red

4. Identify the wrong statement among the following statements regarding refraction and dispersion of light.

(A) Stars twinkle

(B) Sky appears blue to an astronaut flying at very high altitudes

(D) Planets do not twinkle

Ans. : (B) Sky appears blue to an astronaut flying at very high altitudes

5. The crystalline lens of the eye in old age people sometimes becomes milky and cloudy. This condition is called

(A) Hypermetropia

(B) Myopia

(D) Cataract

Ans: (D) Cataract

6. The sun is visible to us about two minutes before the actual sunrise and about two minutes even after the actual sunset because of atmospheric

(A) refraction of light Total

(B) reflection of light

(D) dispersion of light

Ans. : (A) refraction of light

7. Observe the diagrams given below :

10th Notes - Electricity

What is Electricity?

Electricity is a fundamental form of energy resulting from the movement of electric charges. It is characterized by the flow of electrons through conductors such as wires.

★ Electricity powers various devices and systems, enabling them to perform functions like generating light, producing heat, and operating machinery.

★ It is a crucial aspect of modern life and technology, with applications ranging from powering homes and appliances to driving electronic devices and industrial processes.

What is an Electric Charge?

Charge is a fundamental particle in an atom. It may be positive or negative.

★ Like charges repel each other.

★ Unlike charges attract each other.

★ Coulomb (C): S. I. unit of charge

★ 1 Coulomb charge = Charge present on approx. 6 x 10^18 electrons

★ Charge on 1 electron = Negative charge of 1.6 x 10^-19 C

i.e. Q = ne

Where, Q = Charge (total)

n = No. of electrons

e = Charge on 1 electron

Electric Current and Circuit

Electric current is important because it powers technology, helps keep us safe, and makes life more convenient. It also helps distribute energy where it's needed.

Circuits, which are the pathways that control the flow of electric current, are very important too. They are used in electronics, medical devices, transportation, research, and efforts to protect the environment.

Circuits are essential to modern life, affecting almost everything we do every day.

Saturday, 7 February 2026

10th Science Target 35 - 40 Important Questions

PHYSICS

ELECTRICITY

1. The SI unit of potential difference

(A) volt (B) Ampere (C) coulomb (D) ohm

2. The SI unit of electric current

(A) volt (B) Ampere (C) coulomb (D) ohm

3. The SI unit of electric charge

(A) volt (B) Ampere (C) coulomb (D) ohm

4. The SI unit of resistance

(A) volt (B) Ampere (C) coulomb (D) ohm

5. The SI unit of electric power

(A) volt (B) Ampere (C) coulomb (D) Watt

6. The rate of energy consumed in an electrical circuit is electric.

(A) current (B) potential difference

7. Write the diagrams of the symbols of the following components used in an electric circuit:

i) Rheostat or variable resistance

ii) Wire crossing without joining.

iii) resistance

iv) wire joint

(v) Dry cell

8. State Joule’s law of heating.

9. State Ohm's law

10. List the factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends

11. Write the mathematical form of Joule’s law of heating.

12. Name any two devices that work on the basis of Joule’s law of heating (name four appliances which work on the heating effect of electricity.)

13. Mention the role of fuse in the domestic circuit.

14. The potential difference between two points of a conducting wire is 1 V." Write the meaning of this statement.

15. Give a reason. The tungsten is used almost exclusively for filament of electric lamps.

16. Which is the better conductor among silver and copper? Why?

17. Alloys are used in electric heating devices. Why?

18. Among nichrome and copper wires, which of the wires is used in electric fan and in the coils of electric heater? Why?

Magnetic Effect of Electric current

1. Mention any four properties of magnetic field lines.

2. What precautionary measures have to be taken to avoid overload in domestic electric circuits?* (List any two suggestions to avoid the overload in domestic electric circuits.) (What are the reasons for overloading in an electric circuit?)

3. What does the thumb indicate in the right hand thumb rule ?

4. Write any two methods of increasing the magnetic field produced by a circular coil carrying electric current.

5. What is solenoid?

6. State Fleming’s left hand rule.

9. What is the potential difference between live wire and neutral wire in domestic electric circuit in our country?

10. How can electromagnet be prepared from a solenoid?

11. Draw the diagram indicating the field lines of the magnetic field around a current carrying straight conductor.

Light - Reflection and Refraction

1. What is reflection of light?

2. State two laws of reflection of light

3. What is the focal length of a mirror?

4. Write any two differences between concave mirror and convex mirror.

5. Write any two uses of a concave mirror.

6. Which mirror is used as a rear view mirror?

7. What is refraction of light?

8. State the laws of refraction of light.

9. State Snell’s law of refraction.

10. Mention any two differences between convex mirror and convex lens.

11. What is magnification? If the magnification of an image produced by a lens is + 2, then mention the type of the lens.

12. What is the power lens?

13. What does the negative sign indicate in the magnification value?

14. Define the Aperture

15. What is refractive index?

16. Concave mirror - Ray diagram

17. Convex mirror - Ray diagram

Human eye and colorful world

1. What is myopia (near sightedness ) (short sightedness)? What are the causes for myopia ? Name the type of the lens used to correct myopia.

2. What is Hypermetropia (far sightedness)? What are the causes? Name the type of the lens used to correct.

3. What is presbyopia? Mention the reasons and suggest a remedy for this defect?

4. What is Cataract?

5. Observe the below given diagram of the human eye. Name the eye defect indicated in this diagram and mention the lens used to correct this defect.

6. Explain the phenomenon of formation of the rainbow in the atmosphere.

7. What is the Tyndall effect ?

8. What is the colour of danger signal lights?

9. What is power of accommodation of eye?

10. Define the phenomenon expressed in below given figure. Which colour does H and M represent here?

11. What is dispersion of light?

CHEMISTRY

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

1. Silver chloride turns grey when exposed to sunlight. This is because silver chloride (A) decomposes to form silver.

(B) combines with oxygen.

(D) reacts with atmospheric moisture.

2. The type of chemical reaction in which reactants exchange their ions is

(A) Double displacement

(B) Displacement

(D) Combination

3. List out the observations that help us to determine that a chemical reaction has mm been taken place

4. Chemical equations have to be balanced. Why?

5. Mention the measures that are followed to prevent rusting of iron.

6. What are redox reactions?

7. What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?

8. What is rancidity ? Write any two methods of preventing rancidity.

9. CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O. Identify the substance oxidised and the substance reduced in this equation.

10. What is oxidation and reduction?

11. What combination and decomposition reaction?

12. What is displacement and double displacement reaction?

ACID, BASES AND SALTS

1. State the properties of acids and bases

2. The chemical formula of bleaching powder is

(A) NaCl (B) Na2CO3

3. As the pH value of a neutral solution increase,

(A) basic property decreases and number of OH− ions increases.

(B) acidic property increases and number of H+ ions decreases.

(D) acidic property decreases and number of H+ ions increases.

3. Draw the diagram of the arrangement of apparatus used to show the reaction of zinc granules with dilute sulphuric acid.

4. How do you detect a base using blue litmus paper?

5. Hydrochloric acid is considered as a strong acid. Why?

6. The pH values of four solutions are given in the following table. In these

a) Which solution has more concentration of H+ ions?

b) Name the neutral solution.

7. A solution of baking soda is commonly applied to the area of a honeybee stung area. Justify this action.

8. A solution of baking soda is commonly applied to the honey bee stung area. Justify this action.

9. Four solutions A, B, C and D when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 5, 2, 7 and 11 respectively. Which solution (i) has more hydronium ions? (ii) is neutral? (iii) is the weak acid?

10. What is acid rain?*

11. Write the chemical name and molecular formula and two uses

i) baking soda. ii) washing soda iii) bleaching powder iv) plaster of Paris

12. Which gas is liberated when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?*

13. What is neutralization?

14. Name the acid present in the following substances. i) Curd ii) Gastric juice iii) vinegar iv) ant sting

METALS AND NON METALS

1. What are the applications of the thermite reaction?

2. What is roasting in metallurgy?

3. Name any two metals that are available in the pure form in the nature.

4. What is amalgum?

5. Draw the diagram to show the arrangement of the apparatus used in the electrolytic refining of copper.

6. Write the properties of ionic compounds.

7. Give reasons. Sodium metal is stored in kerosene.

8. Draw the diagram to show the action of steam on metals.

9. Explain the formation of sodium chloride molecule by the transfer of electrons. (Explain the formation of ionic bond between sodium and chlorine atoms.)

10. Explain the formation of magnesium chloride molecule by the transfer of electrons.

11. How is pure zinc obtained from zinc oxide?

12. Aluminium oxide is called an amphoteric oxide. Why?

13. How calcination differs from roasting? (Write any two differences between roasting and calcination)

14. Write any two differences between metal and non metals.

CARBON AND IT'S COMPOUNDS

1. A property of carbon that is responsible for giving rise large molecules is

(A) tetravalency

(B) catenation

(D) allotropism

2. Write any two differences between saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds.

3. What is the significance of hydrogenation? (What is the importance of hydrogenation of carbon compounds?)

4. Write the name and the molecular formula of the simplest hydrocarbon.

5. Name the salts responsible for the hardness of water?

6. Explain the cleansing action of soap on dirt.

7. Carbon atoms do not form C 4 + cation ions or C 4 - anions. Why?

8. Carbon compounds are found in the larger number in the nature. Why

9. Write the structural formulae of cyclopentane and propanol.

10. Write the molecular formula and structural formula of the following carbon compounds. i) Propanoic acid ii) Cyclohexane

11. Write the structural formula of the following carbon compounds: i) Butyne ii) Cyclohexane

12. Write the structures of the two structural isomers of butane. (Write the structures of n-butane and isobutane.)

13. Name the functional group present in the following carbon compounds: i) Propanal ii) Pentanol.

14. What is esterification?

15. Write the electron dot structure of nitrogen and methane molecules.

16. What is structural isomers?

BIOLOGY

LIFE PROCESSES

1. An enzyme that secretes by the pancreas to digest protein is

(A) amylase (B) pepsin

2. The function of stomata among the following is

(A) Exchange of gases

(B) Transportation of water and food

(D) Establishing osmotic pressure

3. What is the importance of xylem tissue in plants?

4. Double circulation of the blood is essential to maintain constant temperature in mammals. How?

5. The respiration rate of aquatic animals is faster than that is found in terrestrial animals. Why?

6. Draw the diagram to show the structure of open stomata.

7. What is Photosynthesis?

8. What is translocation?

9. What is transpiration?

10. What is the importance of transpiration in plants?

11. Nitrogenous chemicals that are separated from the blood by the kidney.

12. In which form the excess glucose is stored in plants and animals?

13. Name the structures of the humans small intestine that absorb digested food

14. Draw a diagram showing the structure of a nephron.

15. What are the differences between arteries and veins?

16. Write the differences between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.

17. Name the enzyme present in saliva. Write its function.

18. Structures that prevent the collapsing of air passage part of trachea in the human.

19. Draw a diagram showing the schematic sectional view of the human heart.

20. State the events that occur during the photosynthesis in plants.

21. In the first stage of cellular respiration, the glucose molecule is broken down into which molecule in the cytoplasm?

22. Write any two differences between xylem and phloem.

23. Write any two methods used by plants to eliminate waste materials.

24. Explain the digestion process in the small intestine of humans.

25. What is the function of alveoli and villi?

26. Draw the diagram showing the structure of the human heart.

CONTROL AND COORDINATION

1. The plant hormone responsible for phototropism in plants is

(A) Auxin

(B) Cytokinin

(D) Gibberellin

2. What is the function of abscisic acid in plants?

3. What is the function of synapse?

4. Name the prominent parts of reflex arc.

5. Which hormones are responsible for sexual maturation in humans?

6. What is reflex arc? In many animal’s reflex arcs have been found an effective way of functioning. Why?

7. What is geotropism? Name the plant part that is positively geotropic.

8. Write the example of chemotropism, hydrotropism, phototropism.

9. Name the hormones that perform the following functions in humans. i) Controlling the level of sugar in the blood. ii) Preparing the body to face the emergency situation.

10. Name the hormones that perform the following functions in humans.

(i) Controlling the sugar level in the blood. (ii) Prepare the body to deal with emergency situations.

(iii) Controlling the fats, proteins and carbohydrates metabolism.

11. Draw the diagram showing the structure of human brain. Label the following parts.

HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE

1. A common bacterial infection that spreads through sexual contact in human beings is

(A) Gonorrhoea

(B) AIDS

(D) Warts

2. The process of producing new individuals in rhizopus is

(A) spore formation

(B) fragmentation

(D) regeneration

3. Part of flower that develops into fruit and part of the seed that develops into root respectively are

(A) Ovary and Plumule

(B) Plumule and radicle

(D) Ovary and ovule

4. the sequential stages that occur in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants are

(A) pollination, fertilization, seed, embryo (B) seed, embryo, fertilization, pollination (C) embryo, seed, pollination, fertilization (D) pollination, fertilization, embryo, seed

5. The embryo gets nutrition from the mother's blood with the help of special structure called

(A) Fallopian tube

B) Ovary

C) Uterus

(D) Placenta

6. How is the binary fission in amoeba differs from budding in hydra?

7. “Is Self-pollination possible in flowers that have only stamens?” Justify your answer.

8. List the three methods of contraception that are usually followed by human beings.

9. What is the function of the vas deferens and prostate gland in the human male reproductive system.

10. How does the menstrual cycle occur? Explain. (What happens if egg does not fertilize in human female reproductive system? Explain briefly.)

11. Write any two differences between self and cross pollination.

12. What are the changes that occur in a flower after fertilization?

13. Mention any four advantages of vegetative propagation.

14. What is the role of the placenta at the development stage of the embryo in the female uterus? (How does this embryo get nourishment in the mother’s womb? Explain)

15. How are the reproductive processes in hydra and planaria differ?

16. How does a fertilized egg in a female develop into an embryo in the uterus? In (women, how does a fertilized egg develop into an embryo in the uterus? ) (Explain the process of development of an egg into a foetus in human female reproductive system.)

17. Explain the important functions of i) Testis and ii) Seminal vesicle in male reproductive system in humans.

18. Write two examples for the organisms that reproduce by binary fission.

19. What are sexually transmitted diseases? Write any two examples.

20. What is asexual reproduction? What are the differences between fragmentation and fission?

21. What is the difference between self and cross pollination?

HEREDITY

1. In a zygote there are 24 pairs of chromosomes. Then the number of chromosomes present in the gametes are (A) 24 pairs (B) 48

2. The generation in which Mendel performed cross pollination is

(A) Parent (B) Ovary

3. What is DNA replication?

4. How is the sex of a male child determined in humans?

5. A red flowering pea plant (RR) is crossed with a white flowering pea plant (rr). Show the result of F2 generation with the help of a checker board. Write the phenotypic ratio and the genotypic ratio of the plants obtained in F2 generation.

6. Red flowering tall pea plant (TTRR) is hybridised with white flowering dwarf pea plant (ttrr). Show the result of F2 generation with the help of a checker board and write the ratio of verities of plants.

7. Yellow seeds producing pea plant (YY) is hybridised with green seeds producing pea plant (yy). Show the result of F2 generation with the help of a checker board. Write the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of F2 generation.

8. Father only determines the sex of a child. Why?

9. A short pea plant (tt) is crossed with a tall pea plant (TT). Express the result obtained in the F2 generation with the help of checkerboard.

10. How is the baby girl sex will be determined? (Explain the role of chromosomes of father and mother in the determination of the sex of a child.)

11. Round and yellow seeds (RrYy) producing pea plants are self-pollinated. Express the result obtained in this crossing with the help of a checkerboard. Mention the types of the plants obtained.

OUR ENVIRONMENT

1. Ozone layer is a boon to the life on the earth. Justify.

2. The organisms of which trophic level in a food chain are most affected by biological magnification? Why?

3. What are biodegradable substances?

4. Which synthetic chemical is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?

5. Write two examples of decomposers.

6. Grass → Frog → Snake; If the amount of energy in the first trophic level of this food chain is about 100 J, What is the amount of the energy available for the organism at the third trophic level?

7. if all the wastes we generate are biodegradable, what kind of the effects this would impact on our environment? Discuss.

8. Define the following: i) Food chain ii) Biomagnification.

9. Mention the function of ozone. Name the chemical responsible for ozone depletion.

10. grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake : In this food chain. i) Which organism has more deposition of harmful chemicals? ii) Does the energy from the frog return to the grass-hopper? Clarify your answer.

11. Give reasons : a) Production of CFC free refrigerators is compulsory. b) Plastics remain for long period in the environment.

12. Mention the function of ozone layer in the atmosphere. Name the chemical responsible for ozone depletion.

13. What is non biodegradable substance?

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